I have loved math since I was a child, and I think it depends on when you grew up and how steeped you are in reality vs. the virtual or the computer world, and how much of an abstract vs. concrete thinker you are. I was always making things in modeling clay, that greasy grey-green stuff, and so my scale was what I could make out of one brick of such stuff. I bought my first computer in 1977 (Commodore PET 2001), and the CBM ASCII set had some graphics, but nothing compared with today's graphics. My first encounter with visualization and scale was writing a program to let me know which of the four moons of Jupiter I was seeing in the sky that night. Io, Ganymede, Callisto, and Europa's orbits are almost edge-on to our view from earth, so I made Jupiter a capital O, and the moons were lowercase letters. I printed this out on a thermal printer (like a wide receipt). Cosmos was the rage on TV and I had read Einstein's Universe by Nigel Calder. I had a telescope and a microscope, so the micro and macro were very real to me. I suspect if you grew up on tablets and only built things on a 3D printer scale, you don't have that unbridled sense of the small and large except on very abstract terms. However, not a donut, not a universe-scale torus, but rather a pool donut comes to mind when I first hear torus! I built an XYZ router table in the early 2000s out of old stepper motors. It was 8'x4', and I built stitch-and-glue wooden kayaks from the panels I cut on it. These would wind up being 16 to 22 foot long kayaks to go into the real world and have fun!

I propose a further and different "key to understanding."

I would add: the second thing to decide, besides the scale, is the Plan.

What do we mean, for example, by the "Ethical Plan." By ethical plan, I mean the purpose... "WHAT do I use mathematics for"?

Mathematics can be something immensely BIG if I use it for something important. Or it can be miserably SMALL if I use it for something petty and trivial.

In short: even in this case, greatness depends not only on the scale, but also on the eyes of the beholder, on the Context in which it is applied, and, why not?, also on the Purpose and the ethical plan.

If mathematics were, for example, something at the service of Justice, it would be something immensely Big.

Totally agree. I really enjoyed the article, and the illustrations are really cool but scale is just something I don’t even consider. Even the very first question baffled me, when it said “Picture a torus. Is it big or small?”

I answered an unambiguous “yes”.

Also, we haven’t defined measure yet here have we? What does it even mean for something to have scale without measure?

Sewing machine.

https://xkcd.com/2754/

She: It's not that big.

He: I think we can agree everything below the average between a Planck length and the size of the observable universe is objectively small, and everything above is objectively large. Using the geometric mean, that average is about 0.12 mm. Therefore my penis is actually large.

She: I shouldn't have married a physicist.

It's also deep, it goes all the way to the bottom.

> The world of mathematics is both broad and deep, and we need birds and frogs working together to explore it. -- Freeman Dyson